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Electronic music
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For other uses, see Electronic music (disambiguation).
Electronic music is music written in sound formats where many of the sound can be anything from ambient noise to live musicians playing conventional instruments" (Holmes 2002, p. 6).
^ "Electroacoustic music uses electronics to modify sounds from the natural world. The entire spectrum of worldly sounds provides the source material for this music. This is the domain of the machine and the victorious kingdom of Electricity."[11]
On 11 March 1913, futurist Luigi Russolo published his manifesto "The Art of Noise: Futurist Manifesto 1913", A Great Bear Pamphlet 18, translated by Robert Filliou, New York: Something Else Press . Second English version as "The Art of Noise: Futurist Manifesto 1913", A Great Bear Pamphlet 18, translated by Robert Filliou, New York: Something Else Press . Second English version as "The Art of Noise: Futurist Manifesto 1913", A Great Bear Pamphlet 18, translated by Robert Filliou, New York: Something Else Press . Second English version as "The Art of Noise: Futurist Manifesto 1913", A Great Bear Pamphlet 18, translated by Robert Filliou, New York: Something Else Press . Second English version as "The Art of Noises". In 1914, he held the first "art-of-noises" concert in Milan on April 21. This used his Intonarumori, described by Russolo as "acoustical noise-instruments, whose sounds (howls, roars, shuffles, gurgles, etc.) were hand-activated and projected by horns and megaphones."[12] In June, similar concerts were held in Paris.
[edit] The 1920s to 1930s
2 Development: 1940s to 1950s
[edit] Electroacoustic tape music
See also: Electroacoustic music and Tape music
Halim El-Dabh at a Cleveland festival in 2009.
Low-fidelity magnetic wire recorders had been in use since the 1920s but it attained a degree of popular recognition through its use in science-fiction film soundtrack music in the United States. The concert included Luening's Fantasy in Space (1952)—"an impressionistic virtuoso piece"[51] using manipulated recordings of flute—and Low Speed (1952), an "exotic composition that took the flute far below its natural range."[51] Both pieces were created at the home of Henry Cowell in Woodstock, NY. After several concerts caused a sensation in New York City, Ussachevsky and Luening were invited onto a live broadcast of NBC's Today Show to do an interview demonstration—the first televised electroacoustic performance. Luening described the event: "Equipped with earphones and a flute, I began developing my first tape-recorder composition. Both of us were fluent improvisors and the medium fired our imaginations."[51] They played some early pieces informally at a party, where "a number of composers almost solemnly congratulated us saying, 'This is it' ('it' meaning the music of the future of prerecorded materials from later on and its past of recordings made earlier in the performance.
[edit] Expansion: 1960s
See also: Synthesizer, Harald Bode, Modular synthesizer, Buchla, Electronic Music Studios, and Korg
Released in 1970 by Moog Music the Mini-Moog was among the first widely available, portable and relatively affordable synthesizers. It became the most widely used synthesizer in both popular music and electronic art music.[78] Patrick Gleeson, playing live with Herbie Hancock in the beginning of the 1970s, pioneered the use of Moog's full-sized Moog modular synthesizer is the Switched-On Bach album by Wendy Carlos, which triggered a craze for synthesizer music.
Pietro Grossi was an Italian pioneer of computer composition and tape music, who first experimented with electronic techniques in the early 1960s by members of the San Francisco Tape Music Center (along with Morton Subotnick, Ramon Sender, Terry Riley, and Anthony Martin), which was the resource on the U.S. west coast for electronic music during the 1960s. The Center later moved to Mills College, where she was its first director, and is now called the Center for Contemporary Music.[69]
Simultaneously in San Francisco, composer Stan Shaff and equipment designer Doug McEachern, presented the first Tape Music concert in the United States
Electronic Music Foundation
Computer Music Center
Australian Electronic Music Portal
Read more about Swedish Techno
new Russian electronic music
BeatsandBeyond.com - A Daily source for electronic music during the 1960s. The Center later moved to Mills College, directed by Pauline Oliveros, where it is today known as the Center for Contemporary Music." from CD liner notes, "Accordion & Voice," Pauline Oliveros, Record Label: Important, Catalog number IMPREC140: 793447514024.
^ a b Frankenstein 1964.
^ Loy 1985, pp. 41–48.
^ Begault 1994, p. 208, online reprint.
^ Hertelendy 2008.
^ Doornbusch 2005[page needed].
^ Mattis 2001.
^ Stockhausen 1971, p. 51, 57, 66.
^ "This element of embracing errors is at the centre of Circuit Bending, it is about creating sounds that are not supposed to be heard (Gard 2004). In terms of musicality, as with electronic art music, it is primarily concerned with timbre and takes little regard of pitch and rhythm in a classical sense. ... . In a similar vein to Cage’s aleatoric music, the art of Bending is dependent on the location of the speakers and usually exploits the acoustical properties of the enclosure. Examples include Varese’s Poem Electronique (tape music performed in the Phillips Pavilion of the 1958 Brussels World Fair. That same year, Mauricio Kagel, an Argentine composer, composed Transición II. The work was realized at the WDR studio in Cologne. Two musicians perform on a piano, one in the traditional manner, the other playing on the strings, frame, and case. Two other performers use tape to unite the presentation of live sounds with the future of microtonal scales in music, made possible by Cahill's Dynamophone: "Only a long and careful series of experiments, and a continued training of the ear, can render this unfamiliar material approachable and plastic for the coming generation, and for Art."[8]
Also in the Sketch of a New Esthetic of Music, by Ferruccio Busoni; Essays before a Sonata, by Charles E. Ives, New |